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Medicago sativa L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Trifolieae

GENUS: Medicago L.

Medicago sativa L. [Preferred name]
    Medicago afganica (Bordere)Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago grandiflora (Grossh.)Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago ladak Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago mesopotamica Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago orientalis Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago polia (Brand)Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Medicago praesativa Sinskaya {Synonym}
    Medicago sogdiana (Brand)Vassilcz. {Synonym}
    Trigonella upendrae H.J.Chowdhery & R.R.Rao {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Aidama Bede [2985, 4665]; Alfalfa [210, 1470, 1862, 1915, 2008, 2016, 4061]; Alfalfa Rustica [4061]; Arvuit Tzanovi [2985, 4167]; Beda [2985, 3556]; Blalusern [4061]; Blaue Luzerne [4061]; Chveulebrivi Iondzha [2985, 4296]; Ekin Garayoncha [4233]; Erba Medica [4061]; Harilik Lutsern [3547]; Lasan [1938]; Lasunghas [3030]; Lucerna [4061]; Lucerna Siewna [4061]; Lucerne [210, 1862, 1915, 2008, 2080, 2086, 2183, 2362]; Lucherne Albastre [2985, 4177]; Luzerna [4061]; Luzerne [2205, 2444]; Luzerne Cultivee [4083]; Lyutzerna Pasyaounaya [4282]; Lyutzerna Posevnaya [3552]; Lyutzerna Posivna [4694]; Lyutzerna Sinyaya [4686]; Melynziede Liucerna [2985, 3567]; Mielga [4061]; Myadunka [4282]; Rizka [3028]; Saatluzerne [4061]; Sejas Lucerna [2985, 3548]; Sinimailanen [4061]; Tarimal Tsargas [2985]; Tarimal Tzargas [4672]; Wilayati-Gawuth [3030]; Yonguchka [2985, 3556]; Yorunzha [4414]; Zhonshka [2985, 3550]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Algeria (I) [454]; Canary Is (I) [1862]; Chad (I) [549]; Djibouti (I) [1765]; Egypt (I) [454]; Ethiopia (I) [24]; Kenya (I) [210]; Libya (I) [454]; Morocco (I) [454]; Niger (I) [212]; South Africa (I) [580]; Tunisia (I) [454]
  Asia
Afghanistan (I) [1872]; Armenia (I) [2185, 2985]; Azerbaijan (I) [2985]; Azerbaijan* [2185, 4169]; Nakhichevan [2185, 2985, 4169]; China (I) [1179, 3443]; Gruzia (I) [2985]; Abkhazia [2185, 2985, 4297]; Adzharia [2185, 2985]; Gruzia* [2185]; India (I) [1862, 1914, 3017, 3018, 3027, 3028, 3091, 3094, 3101, 3140, 3366, 3372, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3387, 3587, 3588]; Bihar [3587]; Delhi [3372]; Goa [3094]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3366]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3588]; Karnataka [3018]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3101]; Orissa [3376]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Uttar Pradesh [3387]; West Bengal [3091]; Indonesia (I) [1969, 3898]; Iran (N) [2008]; Iraq (I) [1862]; Japan (I) [1930]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Kazakhstan (I) [2985]; Aktyubinsk [2985, 4236]; Alma-Ata [2985, 4236]; Chimkent [2985, 4236]; Dzhambul [2985, 4236]; Guryev [2985, 4236]; Karaganda [2985, 4236]; Kokchetav [2985, 4236]; Kzyl-Orda [2985, 4236]; Mangyshlak [2985, 4557]; Pavlodar [2985, 4236]; Semipalatinsk [2985, 4236, 4326]; Severo-Kazakhstanskaya [2985, 4326]; Taldy-Kurgan [2985, 4236]; Tselinograd [2985, 4236]; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [2985, 4236, 4326]; Kirgizstan (I) [2985]; Frunze [2985, 4621]; Issyk-Kul [2985, 4621, 4665]; Osh [2985, 4621, 4665]; Korea (I) [1862]; Mongolia (I) [2985]; Arkangai [4211]; Dornod [2985, 4211, 4672]; Dornogovi [2985, 4211]; Govi-Altai [2985, 4211, 4672]; Khovd [2985, 4211]; Selenge [2985, 4672]; Nepal (I) [1914, 2898, 3369]; Pakistan (I) [1862, 1938]; Russia in Asia (I) [2985]; Altay* [2985, 4326]; Buryatiya [2985, 3569, 4451]; Checheno-Ingushetia [2985, 4170]; Chita* [2985, 3569, 4451]; Chukot [2602, 2985, 4446]; Dagestan [2185, 2985]; Gorno-Altaisk [2985, 3569]; Irkutsk* [2985, 3569, 4451]; Kabardino-Balkaria [2185, 2985]; Karacheyevo-Cherkessia [2985, 4170]; Kemerovo [2985, 3569]; Khabarovsk* [2602, 2985, 4446, 4449]; Khakassia [4040]; Krasnodar [2185, 2985]; Krasnoyarsk* [2985, 3569]; Kurgan [2985, 3569, 4406]; Magadan* [2602, 2985, 4446, 4449]; Novosibirsk [2985, 3569]; Omsk [2985, 4326]; Primorye [2602, 2985, 4446, 4449]; Stavropol [2185, 2985]; Tomsk [2985, 3569]; Tuva [2985, 3569]; Tyumen [2985, 4326]; Yakutiya [2985, 3569]; Sri Lanka (I) [1587]; Tadzhikistan (I) [2985]; Dushanbe [2985, 3566]; Gorno-Badakshan [4409]; Kulyab [2985, 3566]; Kurgan-Tyube [2985, 3566]; Leninabad [2985, 3566]; Taiwan (I) [1929]; Turkmenistan (I) [2985]; Ashkhabad [2985, 4155, 4575]; Chardzhou [2985, 4155]; Krasnovodsk [2985, 4155, 4575]; Uzbekistan (I) [2985]; Andizhan [2985, 3556]; Bukhara [2985, 3556]; Dzhizak [2985, 3556]; Fergana [2985, 3556]; Karakalpakia [2985, 3556]; Kashkadarinskaya [2985, 3556]; Khorezm [2985, 3556]; Namangan [2985, 3556]; Samarkand [2985, 3556]; Surhandarinskaya [2985, 3556]; Syr-Darya [2985, 3556]; Tashkent [2985, 3556]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]; Tasmania (I) [1880]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (U) [1430, 1431]; Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Haiti (I) [2157]
  Central America
Costa Rica (U) [1658]; Guatemala (U) [1645]; Mexico(North & Central) (U) [1460, 1470, 1714]
  Europe
Albania (I) [454, 754]; Austria (I) [754]; Balearic Is (I) [454, 754]; Belarus (I) [2985]; Brest [2985, 4157]; Gomel [2985, 4157]; Grodno [2985, 4157]; Minsk [2985, 4157]; Mogilev [2985, 4157]; Vitebsk [2985, 4157]; Belgium (I) [2459, 2460]; Bulgaria (I) [454, 754, 2309]; Corsica (I) [454, 754]; Czechoslovakia (I) [754]; Denmark (I) [754]; Estonia (I) [2985, 3547]; Finland (I) [754]; France (I) [454, 754]; Germany (I) [754]; Great Britain (I) [754, 2183]; Greece (I) [454, 754]; Hungary (I) [754]; Ireland (I) [754]; Italy (I) [454, 754, 1883]; Kriti (I) [454, 754, 2306]; Latvia (I) [2985, 3548]; Liechtenstein (I) [2444]; Lithuania (I) [2985, 3567]; Luxembourg (I) [2459, 2460]; Moldova (I) [2985, 4177]; Netherlands (I) [754]; Norway (I) [754]; Poland (I) [754]; Portugal (I) [454, 754]; Romania (I) [754]; Russia in Europe (I) [2985]; Astrakhan [2985, 4458]; Bashkiria [2985, 4381]; Belgorod [2985, 4650]; Bryansk [2985, 4650]; Chuvashia [2985, 4650]; Gorki [2985, 4650]; Ivanovo [2985, 4650]; Kalinin [2985, 4650]; Kaliningrad [2985, 4220]; Kalmykia [2985, 4060]; Kaluga [2985, 4650]; Kirov [2985, 4034, 4647]; Komi [2985, 4666]; Komi-Permyak [2985, 4429]; Kostroma [2985, 4650]; Kuibyshev [2985, 4650]; Kursk [2985, 4650]; Leningrad [2985, 4388]; Lipetsk [2985, 4035, 4650]; Mari [2985, 4650]; Mordovia [2985, 4650]; Moscow [2985, 4650]; Murmansk [2985, 4650]; Novgorod [2985, 4388]; Orel [2985, 4650]; Orenburg [2985, 4463]; Penza [2985, 4650]; Perm [2985, 4429]; Pskov [2985, 4388]; Rostov-Don [2985, 4724]; Ryazan [2985, 4650]; Saratov [2985, 4650]; Smolensk [2985, 4650]; Tambov [2985, 4650]; Tataria [2985, 4650]; Tula [2985, 4650]; Udmurtia [2985, 4063]; Ulyanovsk [2985, 4650]; Vladimir [2985, 4650]; Volgograd [2985, 4650]; Vologda [2985, 4425]; Voronezh [2985, 4650]; Yaroslavl [2985, 4650]; Sardegna (I) [454, 754]; Sicilia (I) [454]; Spain (I) [454, 754, 2196]; Sweden (I) [754]; Switzerland (I) [754, 2205]; Turkey in Europe (I) [454, 754, 1869]; Ukraine (I) [2985]; Cherkassy [2985, 4144]; Chernigov [2985, 4144]; Chernovtsy [2985, 4258]; Dnepropetrovsk [2985, 4110]; Donetsk [2985, 4110]; Ivano-Frankovsk [2985, 4258]; Kharkov [2985, 4547]; Kherson [2985, 4144]; Khmelnitski [2985, 4258]; Kiev [2985, 4395]; Kirovograd [2985, 4144]; Krym [2985, 4686, 4694]; Lvov [2985, 4258]; Nikolaev [2985, 4144]; Odessa [2985, 4678]; Poltava [2985, 4051]; Rovno [2985, 4144]; Sumy [2985, 4144]; Ternopol [2985, 4144]; Vinnitsa [2985, 4144]; Volynia [2985, 4258]; Voroshilovgrad [2985, 4144]; Zakarpatskaya [2985, 4258]; Zaporozhye [2985, 4110]; Zhitomir [2985, 4395]; Yugoslavia (I) [454, 754]
  Indian Ocean
Mauritius (I) [1915]
  Middle East
Cyprus (U) [454]; East Aegean Is(Greek) (U) [454]; Israel (I) [1862]; Jordan (I) [1862]; Lebanon (I) [1862]; Oman (I) [1896]; Qatar (I) [1899]; Saudi Arabia (I) [1900]; Sinai (I) [454]; Syria (I) [1862]; Turkey in Asia (N) [454]; Yemen (I) [1896]
  North America
Alaska-Aleutian Is (I) [1115, 1431]; Canada (I) [1115]; United States (I) [1119, 1271, 1326, 1431, 1434, 1673, 1680, 3157]; Alabama [3157]; Arizona [3157]; Arkansas [3157]; California [3157]; Colorado [3157]; Connecticut [3157]; Delaware [3157]; Florida [3157]; Georgia [3157]; Idaho [3157]; Illinois [3157]; Indiana [3157]; Iowa [3157]; Kansas [3157]; Kentucky [3157]; Louisiana [3157]; Maine [3157]; Maryland [3157]; Massachusetts [3157]; Michigan [3157]; Minnesota [3157]; Mississippi [3157]; Missouri [3157]; Montana [3157]; Nebraska [3157]; Nevada [3157]; New Hampshire [3157]; New Jersey [3157]; New Mexico [3157]; New York [3157]; North Carolina [3157]; North Dakota [3157]; Ohio [3157]; Oklahoma [3157]; Oregon [3157]; Pennsylvania [3157]; Rhode Island [3157]; South Carolina [3157]; South Dakota [3157]; Tennessee [3157]; Texas [3157]; Utah [3157]; Vermont [3157]; Virginia [3157]; Washington [3157]; West Virginia [3157]; Wisconsin [3157]; Wyoming [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Chatham Is (I) [2080]; Fiji (I) [2264]; Hawaii (I) [1949]; Kermadec Is (I) [2080]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2080]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2080]; Northern Marianas (I) [2235]
  South America
Argentina (I) [2909]; Bolivia (I) [1289]; Chile (I) [1444]; Colombia (I) [1292]; Peru (I) [1292, 1442]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [360];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [24, 261, 360, 368, 1861, 1862, 1869, 1915, 1919, 1921, 1938, 1949, 2080, 2086, 2157, 2205, 3443, 3552, 3898] ; Distribution Map [2185, 2602, 3569, 4236, 4672] ; Illustration [261, 1862, 1915, 1919, 1921, 1938, 2016, 2086, 2199, 2362, 3547, 3560, 3567, 3568, 4167]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [1915] [3552] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names, 2005-10 von Raab-Straube E - Ed.scr.German Names ; Habit: Herb [261] [1915] [3552] ; Lifespan: Perennial [261] [1915] [3552] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1991/1993 Heyn CC & Heller D, 2005-06 Roskov YR ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1991 (W Asia) Lock JM & Simpson K, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Adams BR, 1993-1996 (N Eurasia) Roskov

  
USES:
  Chemical products [3030]; Environmental [1862]; Food and Drink [1862, 3030]; Forage [24, 1862, 1899, 1915, 1938, 2011, 2086, 2196, 2207, 2459, 2985, 3030]; Medicine [2207, 2459, 2985, 3034]; Weed [2008]

  
NOTES:
  Highly productive, energy-efficient plant although not easy to grow well. [2909]
  Widely cultivated as a temperate forage crop tolerating drought and salinity. [1862]
  An aggregate species containing many cultivars described by I.Vassilczenko [2985]
  (1946) at specific rank. It is introduced, alien and naturalised in almost [2985]
  all regions of N.Eurasia. [2985]
  Vassilczenko (1946) at specific rank. It is introduced, alien and naturalised []

  
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3587.

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3588.

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3898.

  Backer, C.A., 1963
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4040.

  Ankipovich, E.S., 1996
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4061.

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4083.

  Bonnier G. & Layens G., 1970
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  Gabrielyan, E.Tz., 1962
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  Geideman, T.S., 1986
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4211.

  Gubanov, I.A., 1994
    Information from MW Herbarium (Moscow, Russia).

4233.

  Isaev, Ya.M., 1954
    In:Flora Azerbaijana, Vol.5. Baku. (Rus)

4236.

  Ivanov, A.I., 1980
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4282.

  Kiselevski A.I., 1967
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4296.

  Kolakovsky, A.A., 1985
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4409.

  Navruzshoev, D., 1996
    Information from Herbarium of Pamir Biological Institute.

4414.

  Nikitin, V.V. & Geldikanov, A., 1988
    Opredelitel rastenyi Turkmenistana. Leningrad. (Rus)

4665.

  Ubukeeva, A.U., 1957
    In:Flora Kirgizskoi SSR, Vol.7. Frunze. (Rus)

4672.

  Ulziykhutag, N., 1989
    Bobovye Mongolskoi Narodnoi Respubliki, Vol.2. Doct.Thes.

4686.

  Vassilczenko, I.T., 1987
    In:Flora Partis Europaeae URSS, Vol.6. Leningrad.(Rus)

4694.

  Visyulina, O.D., 1954
    Leguminosae. In:Flora URSR, Vol.6. Kiev. (Ukr)
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